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Asterisk handbook written by asteriskfreaks.com
Table of content
1. Basics
1.1. What is Asterisk ?
Asterisk is a linux based Open Source PBX with ACD funtionalities. It was written by Mark Spencer and sponsored by Digium. It can also be run on FreeBSD, MacOSX and Windows, but the main support is for linux. Because it is a software PBX you have much more flexibilty as a hardware box. You can scale asterisk from a small PBX to a powerful voip-gateway with thousands of users. Asterisk supports VoIP, Euro-ISDN and analog lines. Asterisk is the future of telephony !
1.2.
Systemrequirements for Asterisk Server
1.3. Softphones, Hardphones and Telephony interface cards
Softphones:
Softphones are software programms which can be installed on your PC as Software. You need a soundcard and a headset to use the software.
X-Lite
Firefly
Hardphones:
Hardphones are special ip bases telehones which support the VoIP protocols SIP and/or IAX2. SIP is a standard protocol and IAX2 is a special protocol developed by digium.
Grandstream BT-100
Grandstream GXP-2000
Cisco 7905
Cisco 7960
Grandstream ATA-486 (analog telephone Adapter)
Telephony interface cards:
If you need connection to a PSTN Network you must install a telephony interface into your asterisk box.
x9media 1 Port ISDN BRI/S0 Karte (HFC-Chipsatz)
x9media 4 Port ISDN BRI/S0 Karte (HFC-Chipsatz)
x9media 8 Port ISDN BRI/S0 Karte (HFC-Chipsatz)
x9media 1 Port ISDN PRI/S2M Karte (HFC-Chipsatz)
x9media 2 Port ISDN PRI/S2M Karte (HFC-Chipsatz)
Digium Wildcard TE210P 2 Port S2M (E1/T1) ISDN Card (3.3V)
Digium Wildcard TE411P 4 Port S2M (E1/T1) ISDN Card (PCI,64Bit,33MHz,3.3V)
We recommend using the great mISDN and chan-mISDN Driver for the hfc-cards and the zaptel driver for digium cards.
You can find a installation guide for the mISDN Driver on www.x9media.com/downloads, but its german only.(sorry, translation will come later)
1.4. Which Versions of Asterisk exists
The asterisk pbx is available in two versions, the STABLE and HEAD version. Use the STABLE version on production servers, the HEAD version is the developer version ans is not recommended for production servers. You can download the versions via ftp or cvs at www.asterisk.org
1.5. How to download and install Asterisk
These are the main asterisk files:
- Asterisk
- Contains the source code to the base files of the Asterisk Open Source PBX.
- Asterisk-Addons
- Contains the source code to various modules and addons for the Asterisk Open Source PBX.
- Asterisk-Sounds
- Default IVR files and miscellaneous sound files.
- Libiax
- Library for the Inter-Asterisk eXchange (IAX) protocol. Libiax provides a foundation for the development of IAX clients.
- Libpri
- Primary Rate ISDN (PRI) library for T1/E1/J1 interfaces.
- Zaptel
- Kernel interface device drivers for Analog and Digital interface cards. If you are using Digium hardware you will need to download zaptel.
Downloading the STABLE Version via ftp:
# cd /usr/src/asterisk1.xx (use .xx to define different versions)
# wget --passive-ftp ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-1.*.tar.gz
# wget --passive-ftp ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-addons-1.*.tar.gz
# wget --passive-ftp ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-sounds-1.*.tar.gz
# wget --passive-ftp ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-zaptel-1.*.tar.gz
# wget --passive-ftp ftp.digium.com/pub/asterisk/asterisk-libpri-1.*.tar.gz
notice: currently you get the versions 1.2.x
1.6 Asterisk Directories
After installing asterisk you will find following directories:
/etc/asterisk -> asterisk .conf files like extensions.conf
/var/lib/asterisk -> agi scripts, sounds, Music on hold
/var/log/asterisk -> asterisk logfiles
/var/spool/asterisk -> outgoing, voicemails, monitor recordings files
/usr/lib/asterisk -> modules
/usr/src/asterisk1.2.x -> could be your source tree directory with the directories: zaptel, libpri, asterisk, asterisk-addons, asterisk-sounds
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